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Coffee is Uganda’s biggest export commodity, produced mainly by an estimated one million smallholder farmers (<2.5 ha). Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) and Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehn.) are the two coffee species grown. Robusta is dominantly cultivated at lower elevations (<1400 m) such as in Central and Northern Uganda and Arabica is dominant at higher elevations (>1400 m) such as Eastern, Southwest, and Northwest Uganda. Actual yields are far below (<30%) potential due to various biotic, abiotic, and management constraints, yet there is no quantitative information on site-specific production constraints and the yield gaps attributed to those constraints. In this study, yields and diverse production factors were monitored in 254 plots of five major coffee growing regions (i.e., Central, North, East, Southwest, and Northwest). Boundary line analysis was applied to evaluate the relative importance …