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Although drought stress has been identified among the production constraints of East African highland bananas (Musa spp., AAA-EA genome), no quantitative data were available to support this assumption. This study uses data from three on-station fertilizer trials (5–6 cycles) in Central and Southwest Uganda to quantify the effect of drought stress on banana production and explore possible interactions with nutrient availability. Production data were collected at individual plant basis from 1996 to 2002 in one trial and from 2004 to 2009 in two trials. Cumulative rainfall in the 12 months before harvest (CRF₁₂) was computed per plant from daily rainfall measurements. Average bunch weight ranged from 8.0 to 21.9kg between trials and cycles and was 8–28% less in dry (CRF₁₂ ≤ 905mm) than in normal (905<CRF₁₂≤1365mm) rainfall periods. Linear relations were observed between CRF₁₂ and maximum bunch …