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Pelomedusoides comprises five moderate-sized extant genera with an entirely Southern Hemisphere distribution, but the fossil record of these turtles reveals a great diversity of extinct taxa, documents several instances of gigantism, and indicates a complex palaeobiogeographical history for the clade. Here, we report new pelomedusoid turtle fossils from the late Palaeocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia. The most complete of these is represented by a large skull (condylobasal length = 16 cm) and is described as Carbonemys cofrinii gen. et sp. nov. (Podocnemidae). Carbonemys is incorporated into a parsimony analysis utilizing a modified morphological character matrix designed to test relationships within Panpelomedusoides, with the addition of molecular data from seven genes (12S RNA, cytochrome b, ND4, NT3, R35, RAG-1 and RAG-2) drawn from previous studies of extant Podocnemidae. C. cofrinii is …