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ContextDietary composition may affect insulin secretion, and high insulin levels, in turn, may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectiveTo examine the role of fiber consumption and its association with insulin levels, weight gain, and other CVD risk factors compared with other major dietary components.Design and SettingThe Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, a multicenter population-based cohort study of the change in CVD risk factors over 10 years (1985-1986 to 1995-1996) in Birmingham, Ala; Chicago, Ill; Minneapolis, Minn; and Oakland, Calif.ParticipantsA total of 2909 healthy black and white adults, 18 to 30 years of age at enrollment.Main Outcome MeasuresBody weight, insulin levels, and other CVD risk factors at year 10, adjusted for baseline values.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary fiber showed linear associations from …