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ContextWeight loss elicits physiological adaptations relating to energy intake and expenditure that antagonize ongoing weight loss.ObjectiveTo test whether dietary composition affects the physiological adaptations to weight loss, as assessed by resting energy expenditure.Design, Study, and ParticipantsA randomized parallel-design study of 39 overweight or obese young adults aged 18 to 40 years who received an energy-restricted diet, either low–glycemic load or low-fat. Participants were studied in the General Clinical Research Centers of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Children’s Hospital, Boston, Mass, before and after 10% weight loss. The study was conducted from January 4, 2001, to May 6, 2003.Main Outcome MeasuresResting energy expenditure measured in the fasting state by indirect calorimetry, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, cardiovascular disease risk factors …