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Background.  A monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (RV1) was introduced in Botswana in July 2012. We assessed the impact of RV1 vaccination on childhood gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations and deaths in 2013 and 2014.

Methods.  We obtained data from registers of 4 hospitals in Botswana on hospitalizations and deaths from gastroenteritis, regardless of cause, among children <5 years of age. Gastroenteritis hospitalizations and deaths during the prevaccine period (January 2009–December 2012) were compared to the postvaccine period (January 2013–December 2014). Vaccine coverage was estimated from data collected through a concurrent vaccine effectiveness study at the same hospitals.

Results.  By December 2014, coverage with ≥1 dose of RV1 was an estimated 90% among infants <1 year of age and 76% among …