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2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental setup Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the lab-scale hybrid system for mixed gas. Also shown in Table 1 are the design parameters of the system. Varying recycling ratios were designated to each column, namely 60 minutes, 30 minutes, and 15 minutes for columns 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The system was operated in batch mode with each column receiving 2 L/min of mixed gas. The concentration of the gases entering each column were kept uniformly constant with NH3: H2S: toluene ratios of 100: 100: 100, 200: 100: 100, 100: 200: 100, and 100: 100: 200 ppm.