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House vacancy rate (HVR) is an important index in assessing the healthiness of residential real estate market. Investigating HVR by field survey requires a lot of human and economic resources. The nighttime light (NTL) data, derived from Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership, can detect the artificial light from the Earth surface, and have been used to study social-economic activities. This paper proposes a method for estimating the HVR in metropolitan areas using NPP-VIIRS NTL composite data. This method combines NTL composite data with land cover information to extract the light intensity in urbanized areas. Then, we estimate the light intensity values for nonvacancy areas, and use such values to calculate the HVR in corresponding regions. Fifteen metropolitan areas in the United States have been selected for this study, and the estimated HVR values are validated using corresponding statistical data …