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Astronomy, being one of the oldest observational sciences, has collected a lot of data over the ages. In recent times, it is experiencing a huge data surge due to advancements in telescopic technologies with automated digital outputs. The main driver behind this article is to present various relevant Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and big data frameworks or tools being applied and can be employed in large astronomical data-set analysis to assist astronomers in solving multiple vital intriguing problems. Throughout this survey, we attempt to review, evaluate and summarize diverse astronomical data sources, gain knowledge of structure, the complexity of the data, and challenges in the data processing. Additionally, we discuss ample technologies being developed to handle and process this voluminous data. We also look at numerous activities being carried out all over the world enriching this domain. While going …