Authors
Maurizio Bertollo, Selenia di Fronso, Silvia Conforto, Maurizio Schmid, Laura Bortoli, Silvia Comani, Claudio Robazza
Publication date
2016/5/25
Journal
PeerJ
Volume
4
Pages
e2082
Publisher
PeerJ Inc.
Description
Background. The main goal of the present study was to explore theta and alpha event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) activity during shooting performance. We adopted the idiosyncratic framework of the multi-action plan (MAP) model to investigate different processing modes underpinning four types of performance. In particular, we were interested in examining the neural activity associated with optimal-automated (Type 1) and optimal-controlled (Type 2) performances.
Methods. Ten elite shooters (6 male and 4 female) with extensive international experience participated in the study. ERD/ERS analysis was used to investigate cortical dynamics during performance. A 4× 3 (performance types× time) repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to test the differences among the four types of performance during the three seconds preceding the shots for theta, low alpha, and high alpha frequency bands. The dependent variables were the ERD/ERS percentages in each frequency band (ie, theta, low alpha, high alpha) for each electrode site across the scalp. This analysis was conducted on 120 shots for each participant in three different frequency bands and the individual data were then averaged.
Results. We found ERS to be mainly associated with optimal-automatic performance, in agreement with the “neural efficiency hypothesis.” We also observed more ERD as related to optimal-controlled performance in conditions of “neural adaptability” and proficient use of cortical resources.
Discussion. These findings are congruent with the MAP conceptualization of four performance states, in which unique …
Total citations
201620172018201920202021202220232024114137139131811
Scholar articles
M Bertollo, S di Fronso, S Conforto, M Schmid, L Bortoli… - PeerJ, 2016