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Environmental radiotracers can be used to understand the underlying processes of the environment where they are found. Amongst others, ¹³⁷Cs, which is a soluble element in sea water, is transported with water masses in the oceans. A numerical model, in which the Mediterranean Sea was divided into 40 boxes (10 regions of 4 layers each), was developed to better understand the distribution and behaviour of ¹³⁷Cs in the Mediterranean Sea. It was run with a realistic source term, including global fallout, the Chernobyl accident, the nuclear industry and river runoff, and was used to predict ¹³⁷Cs concentrations during the period 1954–1994. ¹³⁷Cs surface water predicted concentrations ranged from 0 to 36 Bq·m⁻³. In most boxes the most prominent feature was the existence of two ¹³⁷Cs predicted concentration maxima, corresponding to maximum air concentrations due to nuclear weapons fallout (1963) and …