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A 1D electrochemical-thermal model is developed to characterise the behaviour of a 53 Ah large format pouch cell with LiNi x Mn y Co 1-xy O 2 (NMC) chemistry over a wide range of operating conditions, including: continuous charge (0.5 C-2C), continuous discharge (0.5 C-5C) and operation of the battery within an electric vehicle (EV) over an urban drive-cycle (WLTP Class 3) and for a high performance EV being driven under track racing conditions. The 1D model of one electrode pair is combined with a 3D thermal model of a cell to capture the temperature distribution at the cell scale. Performance of the model is validated for an ambient temperature range of 5° C–45° C. Results highlight that battery performance is highly dependent on ambient temperature. By decreasing the ambient temperature from 45° C to 5° C, the available energy drops by 17.1% and 7.8% under 0.5 C and 5C discharge respectively …