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Worldwide, approximately 10% of neonates are born preterm. The majority of preterm neonates are born when the kidneys are still developing; therefore, during the early postnatal period renal function is likely reflective of renal immaturity and/or injury. This study evaluated glomerular and tubular function and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; a marker of renal injury) in preterm neonates during the first month of life. Preterm and term infants were recruited from Monash Newborn (neonatal intensive care unit at Monash Medical Centre) and Jesse McPherson Private Hospital, respectively. Infants were grouped according to gestational age at birth: ≤28 wk (n = 33), 29–31 wk (n = 44), 32–36 wk (n = 32), and term (≥37 wk (n = 22)). Measures of glomerular and tubular function were assessed on postnatal days 3–7, 14, 21, and 28. Glomerular and tubular function was significantly affected by …