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We begin with a conceptual overview of time-varying effect modeling (TVEM), focusing on definitions of “time” and how this modeling framework extends the commonly used linear regression framework. In this first chapter, we describe the concept and promise of TVEM and convey the utility of TVEM findings for researchers (e.g., epidemiologists, prevention scientists), administrators (e.g., policy-makers, public school administrators), and practitioners (e.g., clinicians). This discussion presents a wide range of research questions TVEM could be used to address. To help more concretely illustrate the conceptual approach of TVEM, we walk the reader through a recently published empirical example assessing the risk for suicidal behavior across ages 18–60 for sexual minority versus heterosexual adults. We conclude with a brief roadmap of the subsequent chapters of the book.