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Previously several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies point toward the role of perceptual expectations in determining adaptation or repetition suppression (RS) in humans. These studies showed that the probability of repetitions of faces within a block influences the magnitude of adaptation in face-related areas of the human brain . However, a current macaque single-cell/local field potential (LFP) recording study using objects as stimuli found no evidence for the modulation of the neural response by the repetition probability in the inferior temporal cortex . Here we examined whether stimulus repetition probability affects fMRI repetition suppression for nonface object stimuli in the human brain. Subjects were exposed to either two identical [repetition trials (RTs)] or two different [alternation trials (ATs)] object stimuli. Both types of trials were presented blocks consisting of either 75% [repetition blocks …