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Data-driven traffic modeling is revolutionizing transportation systems and provides numerous opportunities for achieving high-quality transportation services. A major challenge in optimizing transportation systems is uncertain transportation demand. With the availability of historical data on transportation demand, the uncertain transportation demand can be better modeled, and thereby practitioners can formulate well-informed transportation scheduling decisions. In this paper, we propose three effective and economical transport scheduling strategies using mathematical programming, leveraging big data to extract useful contextual information. Additionally, a perfect-foresight optimization model is proposed to evaluate our proposed data-driven strategies. Results show a negligible optimality gap (i.e., 0.47%) between the optimal solution derived by the perfect-foresight model and the scheduling plans derived by our …