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This study aims to determine the optimal cooling intervention of a newly designed hybrid cooling vest. 10 males participated in three random experiments, i.e., cooling vest worn during exercise and recovery (ALL-COOL), cooling vest worn during passive recovery (REC-COOL) and control (CON) in a climatic chamber controlled at 37 °C temperature, 60% relative humidity, 0.3 m/s air velocity, and 450 W/m² solar radiation to simulate the summer working environment of construction sites. The work–rest protocol was adopted to compare the effectiveness of ALL-COOL and REC-COOL. Physiological (core temperature, skin temperature, and heart rate) and perceptual (ratings of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and wetness sensation) parameters were measured during the entire heat exposure. The cooling vest worn during exercise improved thermal comfort but did not alleviate heat strain or prolong work …