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High power microwave AlGaN-GaN high electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) on free-standing GaN substrates are demonstrated for the first time. Measured gate leakage was -2.2 μA/mm at -20 V and -10 μA/mm at -45 V gate bias. When operated at a drain bias of 50 V, devices showed a record continuous-wave output power density of 9.4 W/mm at 10 GHz with an associated power-added efficiency of 40%. Long-term stability of device RF operation was also examined. Under room conditions, devices driven at 25 V and 3-dB gain compression remained stable in 200 h, degrading only by 0.18 dB in output power. Such results illustrate the potential of GaN substrate technology in supporting reliable, high performance AlGaN-GaN HEMTs for microwave power applications.