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Although Jamaica has had Structural Adjustment and Standby Loans from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since 1977, the implementation of typical structural adjustment policies such as trade and financial liberalization, privatization and labor market reform has for the most part occurred only since 1989. During 1989–1993 when the Jamaican economy underwent the most drastic liberalization policies, inequality and poverty declined, although there were sharp jumps in both inequality and poverty in 1991 when financial liberalization occurred. The overall decline in poverty is attributed to the strong performance of domestic agriculture and the increased inflow of remittances, and seems unlikely to be sustained.