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We assess the role of social cash transfer programmes against the negative effect of weather risk on rural households’ welfare using experimental impact evaluation data from Zambia. We find strong evidence that cash transfer has a mitigating role against the negative effects of weather shocks. Our results in fact highlight how important social cash transfer is for households lying in the bottom quantile of consumption and food security distributions in moderating the negative effect of weather shock. Integrating weather risk and social protection tools into a comprehensive poverty reduction strategy should therefore be of primary interest for policymakers.