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Heat transfer characteristics of CuO/water and TiO₂/water nanofluids were measured in a shell and tube heat exchanger under laminar and turbulent flow condition. In shell and tube heat exchanger, water based CuO and TiO₂ based nanofluids with 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% volume fraction have been used as working fluids for different flow rates of nanofluids. This enhancement was investigated with regard to various factors; concentration of nanoparticles, types of base fluids, sonication time and temperature of fluids. The effects of Nusselt number and Reynolds number of suspended nanoparticles, on the heat-transfer characteristics were investigated. The experimental results have been compared to those of Dittus–Boelter correlation, Xuan & Li and Gnielinski correlation for the laminar and turbulent flow region. Low thermal conductivity is a major concern in the development of the energy-efficient heat transfer …