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This book is an updated version of the original handbook published in 1989. It provides practical advice on the application of current methodologies for measuring plant-associated N₂ fixation in different situations. It also highlights potential sources of errors in the use of the various measurement techniques, and provides step-by-step guidance on the application of the techniques and in the interpretation of the resulting data. There are 11 chapters entitled: (1) Biological nitrogen fixation; (2) Why, when and how to measure nitrogen fixation; (3) Analysis of nitrogen; (4) Nitrogen balance method; (5) Nitrogen difference method; (6) Ureide (N solute) method; (7) ¹⁵N-isotopic methods - general principles and ¹⁵N₂ feeding; (8) ¹⁵N natural abundance method; (9) ¹⁵N isotope dilution method; (10) Precautions when quantifying N₂ fixation associated with non-nodulating plants (associative N₂fixation); and (11) Assays of …