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Endothelial and epithelial cells receive biochemical and biophysical cues from a specialized extracellular environment called the basement membrane. Mimicking the biophysical cues, including the elastic modulus and the structural topography of the basement membrane, is one approach used in tissue engineering to fabricate biomaterials for tissue regeneration. The biophysical properties of many basement membranes present within tissues have been characterized, and the findings highlight that the basement membrane is composed of a compliant protein matrix with nano-fibrous texture. Researchers use various fabrication methods to develop materials that probe how the biophysical scale of the basement membrane control cellular behavior. For example, studies have demonstrated that basement membrane relevant nanotopography can elicit different cell responses (as measured by morphology …