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We previously reported that effective treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP) reversed abnormal brain structure and functional MRI (fMRI) activity during cognitive task performance, particularly in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Here, we used resting‐state fMRI to examine how chronic pain affects connectivity of brain networks supporting cognitive functioning and the effect of treatment in 14 CLBP patients and 16 healthy, pain‐free controls (scans were acquired at baseline for all subjects and at 6‐months post‐treatment for patients and a matched time‐point for 10 controls). The main networks activated during cognitive task performance, task‐positive network (TPN) and task‐negative network (TNN) (aka default mode) network, were identified in subjects' task fMRI data and used to define matching networks in resting‐state data. The connectivity of these cognitive resting‐state networks was …