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There has been tremendous interest in the development of different innovative wear‐resistant materials, which can help to reduce energy losses resulted from friction and wear by ≈40% over the next 10–15 years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on designs, properties, and applications of wear‐resistant materials, starting with an introduction of various advanced technologies for the fabrication of wear‐resistant materials and anti‐wear structures with their wear mechanisms. Typical strategies of surface engineering and matrix strengthening for the development of wear‐resistant materials are then analyzed, focusing on the development of coatings, surface texturing, surface hardening, architecture, and the exploration of matrix compositions, microstructures, and reinforcements. Afterward, the relationship between the wear resistance of a material and its intrinsic properties …