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The article is devoted to the current managerial issues of state financial budgets, particularly, the improvement of financial management processes within state budget execution. Effective budgets execution is very important for every state, especially for developing countries. To ensure that, governments need to provide different managerial types, ways and control techniques of financial management. The research methodology of this paper is based on conducting the comparative analysis of existing patterns of macroeconomic development, political and social issues in the context of the financial management processes within state budget execution. It is also implemented SWOT, systematic vision, causes and consequences analysis and expert assessment. In the research, it is carried out the current analysis of financial management issues in state budgets of Ukraine and Kazakhstan from 2013 to 2017. It is determined the main directions for the development and improvement of financial management over the budgets executions in terms of management, control and standardization processes. It is proposed the classification of financial management standards into organizational, functional and special ones, where the solutions and recommendations are designed taking into consideration the short, medium and long-term perspectives.