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ContextConflicting reports exist regarding the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of HCV infection on clinical and immunologic progression of HIV disease and immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUniversity-based, urban HIV clinic in the United States.PatientsThere were 1955 patients enrolled between January 1995 and January 2001 who were eligible for analysis because of having at least 1 return visit to the clinic and being free of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at enrollment. Median (interquartile range) length of follow-up was 2.19 (1.00-3.50) years for HCV-infected and 2.00 (1.00-3.00) years for HCV-uninfected patients.Main Outcome MeasuresProgression to an AIDS-defining illness, survival, and progression to a CD4 cell count …